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Objective:To establish the fingerprints of the best anti-MDR-MRSA components in the combination of honeysuckle and forsythia. Methods:The best active anti-MDR-MRSA ingredients of honeysuckle and forsythia were dissolved in 10% methanol water. A Waters Atlantis T3 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column was eluted with water and methanol as the mobile phase. The optimal chro-matographic conditions were determined by optimizing the mobile phase and chromatographic conditions. The fingerprints similarity of 10 batches of active anti-MDR-MRSA components in honeysuckle and forsythia was studied. Results:The best active ingredients of the combination of honeysuckle and forsythia showed 7 peaks with promising separation. The similarity of the 10 samples was greater than 0. 9. Conclusion:The fingerprints of the best active anti-MDR-MRSA ingredient in the combination of honeysuckle and forsythia are stable, and can be used for the quality evaluation of the components.
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Objective To investigate the molecular types and related clinical features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Jingzhou area, Hubei Province.Methods A total of 80 MRSA strains confirmed by mecA gene were isolated from inpatients in Jingzhou Central Hospital of Hubei province during January and December 2014. Vitek 2 Compact was used for antibiotic susceptibility test . Staphylococcus protein A (SPA) types and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) genotypes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and gene sequencing . Panton-valentine leucocidin ( pvl) gene of the strains was detected by PCR .Chi-square test and Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis .Results There were 16 spa types in 80 MRSA isolates , in which t030 and t437 were the most prevalent ones accounting for 50.0% ( 40 strains ) and 28.8% ( 23 strains ) of the total strains, respectively.There were 77 strains of SCCmec type Ⅰ-Ⅴ, in which SCCmecⅢ and SCCmecⅣ were the most prevalent ones accounting for 45.0% (36 strains) and 35.0% (28 strains), respectively.t030 was the main spa type in isolates of SCCmecⅢ(33/36, 91.7%), while t437 was the main spa type in isolates of SCCmecⅣ(20/28, 71.4%).Patients infected with t030/SCCmecⅢMRSAs were with higher ages than those infected with t437/SCCmecⅣMRSAs (T=446.500 and 607.500, P<0.01).Patients infected with t030/SCCmecⅢ MRSAs were mainly from surgical wards and intensive care unit ( ICU ) , while those infected with t437/SCCmecⅣ MRSAs were mainly from pediatrics wards , and there were significant differences in ward distribution between two groups (χ2 =33.724 and 29.768, P <0.01).Seventy percent and above strains of t030/SCCmec type Ⅲ were resistant to rifampin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin .Strains of t437/SCCmec type Ⅳwere resistant to erythromycin , clindamycin and tetracycline , but were sensitive to most non-β-lactam antimicrobial drugs (with resistance rates <20%).Virulence gene pvl was found in 11 strains (13.8%), in which 7 were strains of t437-SCCmec typeⅣ.Conclusions MRSAs in Jinzhou are of various genotypes , in which t030-SCCmecⅢand t437-SCCmecⅣare the most prevalent ones .Strains of t030-SCCmec typeⅢare usually multiple-drug resistant , mainly seen in elderly patients in surgical wards and ICU .Strains of t437-SCCmecⅣare sensitive to most non-β-lactam antimicrobial drugs , and its infection is mainly seen in children and young people .
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Objective To investigate the epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of communityassociated and hospital-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA) in Jingzhou.Methods A total of 159 MRSA isolates were successively collected from patients in Jingzhou Central Hospital during January 2012 and December 2013.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 antimicrobial agents against 159 MRSA isolates were detected.SCCmec types of the strains were detected by multiplex PCR,and the homology of the strains was analyzed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and cluster analysis of antibiogram.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 19.0 were used for data analysis.Results Among 159 MRSA strains,131 were hospital-associated,and 28 were community-associated,which accounted for 82.4％ and 17.6％,respectively.There were significant differences in the age of patients,ward distribution,specimen type,length of stay,length of anti-infection treatment,type of infection and underlying diseases between patients with CA-MRSA or HA-MRSA infections (x2 =19.103,31.372,59.756,71.703,54.153,59.756 and 54.232,all P ＜ 0.01).No vancomycin,linezolid,tigecyeline and nitrofurantoin resistant strains were found,but all strains were resistant to penicillin,cefoxitin and oxacillin.HA-MRSA had higher resistance rates to moxifloxacin,levofloxacin,rifampicin,ciprofloxacin and gentamicin than CA-MRSA (x2 =30.179,27.352,28.523,28.523 and 25.987,all P ＜ 0.01),but its resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were lower (x2 =13.106 and 11.743,both P ＜ 0.01).Among 159 MRSA strains,12 (7.5％) were of SCCmec type Ⅱ,113 (71.1％) were of SCCmec type Ⅲ,26 (16.4％) were of SCCmec type Ⅳ,and 8 were of undifferentiated type.The predominant SCCmec types were type Ⅳ for CA-MRSA (26/28,92.9％) and type Ⅲ for HA-MRSA (113/131,86.3％),respectively.Six PFGE patters were found in 49 HA-MRSA isolates from ICU,and the predominant patters were A1 (24,49.0％),A2 (9,18.4％) and B (9,18.4％).Cluster analysis of antibiogram showed that three groups of HA-MRSA were of high correlations,and they were of PFGE patter A1,A2 and B,respectively.Conclusions HA-MRSA is the predominant MRSA in Jingzhou area,and it is different from CA-MRSA in the age of patients,ward distribution,type of infection and antibiotic resistance.Most HA-MRSA strains are of type SCCmec Ⅲ,and may cause epidemic outbreak in ICU.
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OBJECTIVE To establish a method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) for detecting Staphylococcus aureus in positive blood culture bottles.METHODS Genomic DNA in 293 positive blood culture bottles was extracted by guanidine hydrochloride and benzenemethanol,then genes ssa and mecA were amplified by LAMP to identify S.aureus.Finally,the results of LAMP were compared with the results of traditional method.RESULTS Twenty-two strains of S.aureus were detected in 293 positive blood culture bottles by LAMP method.Compared with traditional method,the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP method were both 100%,respectively,the detection could be finished in an hour.CONCLUSIONS The LAMP-based assay is simple,rapid,sensitive and specific which can be used to detect S.aureus in positive blood culture bottles rapidly.
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Objective To explore the curative effect on superselective uterine artery embolization for treatment of placenta inereta.Methods Pelvic arteriography was performed to confirm bleeding vessels.Then a 5 F Cobra catheter was inserted superselectively into uterine artery ipsilateral to bleeding,through which methotrexatum(MTX)and gelatin sponge were injected for embolization.After the procedure,bleeding,blood pressure,dischargement of placenta tissue,uterine recuperation,and plasma β-HCG were monitored.Results Bleeding vessels were confirmed in all of the 5 cases of placenta increta.Uterine artery embolization was successful at sole procedure.The operation time was 25.0 to 60.0 min.with the mean time (37.4±5.8)min.Vaginal bleeding stoped in 3.0 to 12.0 minutes after embolization and the mean time was(5.7±2.4)min.Blood pressure returned to normal after operation and vital signs were stable.Placenta tissue discharged on the 5th day to the 4th week after embolization and the mean time was 17 d.The uterus recuperated and blood β-HCG recovered simutaneously.The menstruation and ovulation during follow-up returned to normal.Conclusion Superseleetive uterine artery embolization for treatment of placenta increta has advantages such as short operation time,minimal invasion,definite curative effect and reservation of uterus,which is worthy in clinical application.
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Objective To analyze the CT findings of tuberculous lymphadenitis in parotid gland, so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy of tuberculosis of parotid gland. Methods Nine cases with tuberculous lymphadenitis in parotid gland confirmed by surgical pathology and acid-fast bacilli after preoperative spiral CT plain scan and two phases dynamic enhancement scan were retrospectively analyzed.Imaging findings of CT were reviewed and compared with surgical pathology. Results Seven of the 9 cases of tuberculosis of the parotid gland occurred in the left side, and 2 in the right side, and superficial lobe involvement occurred in 8 cases and deep lobe in 1 ease. The lesion was classified as tumour type (8 cases)and infiltration type (1 case). In tumour type, the number of lesion was from 1 to 4, and the size was from 2.7 to 5.3 cm in diameter. One case of infiltration type measured 3.4 cm in diameter. On CT plain scan,the lesions showed homogeneous slight high-density with regular edge in 5 cases and irregular low-density in 4 cases, and 2 of them with partly blurred edge. On CT enhanced scan, uniform moderate enhancement was seen in 3 cases, circular enhancement in 4 cases, inhomogeneous enhancement in 1 case, and lace-like enhancement in 1 case. Local infiltration occurred in 6 cases. Lymphadenovarix in the same side of lesion occurred in 2 cases. Conclusion CT findings of tuberculous lymphadenitis in parotid gland present diversification, which correlate well with pathological changes. Understanding of characteristic CT findings of tuberculous lymphadenitis in parotid gland is helpful for differential diagnosis, but final diagnosis still depends on pathology and acid-fast baeilli.
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The history of automated blood cell analysis and current situation regarding the peripheral blood smear review following automated complete blood count(CBC) and leukocyte differential count(LDC) was introduced. Principles and procedure of determining criteria for blood smear review in clinical laboratory was elucidated in combination with 41 consensus rules for the review of automated CBC and LDC proposed by the International Consensus Group for blood smear review.
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@# Bilirubin is a kind of pigment formed from catabolism of compounds,such as hemoglobin,which had been considered to be harmful and used as an index for diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases.Recently,the physiological functions of bilirubin has been renewed and the detection of bilirubin has been advanced.This paper reviews the methods of bilirubin examination and the relation between bilirubin content in blood and clinical diseases.
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Objective To determine the relationship between blood biochemical indexes and severity of NAFLD by establishing various models of NAFLD with different degrees in rabbits. Methods Thirty-two healthy rabbits were randomly divided into normal control (n=8) and three experimental groups(n=24). Fatty liver animal models were established by giving high fat,high sugar diet. The serum TG,TC,AST,ALT and pathological evaluation were detected respectively after 4,6 and 8 weeks. Results The rabbits developed hyperlipidemia and slight fatty liver after four weeks. Along with the worsening of fat liver,the serum TG level kept rising.Conclusion The blood biochemical indexes can serve as a reliable technique for diagnosing fatty liver disease in clinical.
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion (PLE) embolization for cavernous hemangioma of liver (CHL). Methods Seldinger technique was adopted and the catheter was super-selectively sent into the supplying artery of tumors in 18 CHL patients, 5-10 ml of Lidocaine and 5-20 ml of PLE were slowly injected. Before the embolization, 50-100 mg of pethidine was routinely injected. The embolization was conducted in several times in patients with large tumors, with multiple supplying arteries, and whose age was above 60 years. During the 3-48 months'follow-up after the operation,the change of the tumor diameter before and after the embolization was compared by using CT and ultrasound. The clinical symptomatic relief and the complications were also observed. Results The CHL of all the 18 cases were filled up by PLE. The foci were completely vanished in 9 cases, reduced by over 50% in 7 cases,and reduced by 25%-50% in 2 cases,respectively. The follow-up angiographic examination was performed in six cases, the tumor staining was completely vanished and the tumor-supplying artery was closed up. The improving rate of the clinical symtoms reached 89% . There were no serious complications. Conclusion The PLE embolization in hepatic cavernous hemangioma proves to be reliable, safe, minimally invasive, and with little side effect. This therapy, therefore, can be the first method of choice in treating the cavernous hemangioma of the liver.
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Microparticles in the peripheral blood are generated from the activated blood cells and vascular endothelial cells. Microparticles reflect the functional situations of their original cells directly and specifically,provide the basis for revelation of mechanisms and development trends of hematological or vascular diseases and also serve as the indications for differentiation diagnosis and evaluation of clinical treatment. Therefore it is very important to detect microparticles. This article will explain the present detection methods and the correlation of microparticles with diseases to provide basis and strategy for further study.